India Property Register
Holder name

RAVI S

Plots and properties that public government records list under this name. A name is not a person: different people share names, so check the village, relation and share on each record before relying on it.

151city properties

City properties taxed to RAVI S

PropertyCityAreaAddressUse
012/001/901020AvadiWD-01_______,BAZAAR STREET, MUTHAPUDUPET,MUTHAPUDUPET,MITTANAMALLEE-600055.
012/001/901021AvadiWD-01________,BAZAAR STREET, MUTHAPUDUPET,MUTHAPUDUPET,MITTANAMALLEE-600055.
012/002/900203AvadiWD-02___,MASUDHI STREET MUTHAPUDUPET,MUTHAPUDUPET,MITTANAMALLEE-600055.
012/030/901718AvadiWD-30P.11,VAIGAI STREET, SRI NAGAR COLONY,SRI NAGAR COLONY,THIRUMULLAIVOYAL-600062.
012/031/901792AvadiWD-317/1,8TH STREET ANNAI SATHIYA NAGAR V P C ST,ANNAI SATHYA NAGAR,THIRUMULLAIVOYAL-600077.
055/024/900155BhavaniWARD-24142,KAL THOZHILALAR 1ST ROAD,OLD PANJAYATH OFFICE RO,WEST STREET-638301.
055/024/900156BhavaniWARD-24143,KAL THOZHILALAR 1ST ROAD,OLD PANJAYATH OFFICE RO,WEST STREET-638301.
055/024/900157BhavaniWARD-24144,KAL THOZHILALAR 1ST ROAD,OLD PANJAYATH OFFICE RO,WEST STREET-638301.
055/024/900343BhavaniWARD-24144A,144A1,KAL THOZHILALAR 1ST ROAD,OLD PANJAYATH OFFICE RO,WEST STREET-638301.
120/011/900013BodinayakanurWARD-112E,BODI METTU PATHAI,BODI METTU PATHAI,KUPPINAYAKKAN PATTI-625513.
120/011/900014BodinayakanurWARD-112F,BODI METTU PATHAI,BODI METTU PATHAI,KUPPINAYAKKAN PATTI-625513.
120/018/900234BodinayakanurWARD-181A,SUNDHARA SAMUEL LANE,CSI CHURCH CIRCLE,KEELA THERU-625513.
120/025/900131BodinayakanurWARD-2537/9,UTHAMAPALAYAM ROAD,PANGAJAM HIGH SCHOOL CIRCLE,KULALAR PALAYAM-625513.
120/025/900144BodinayakanurWARD-25..,UTHAMAPALAYAM ROAD,PANGAJAM HIGH SCHOOL CIRCLE,KULALAR PALAYAM-625513.
120/026/900077BodinayakanurWARD-269,JEEVA NAGAR SOUTH STREET,JEEVA NAGAR,BODINAYAKANUR TOWN -625513.
120/026/900083BodinayakanurWARD-26...,JEEVA NAGAR SOUTH STREET,JEEVA NAGAR,BODINAYAKANUR TOWN -625513.
1076561516Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeMangammanapalyaMangammanapalya, Bengaluru
1128663511Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeRajarajeshwarinagar972,2nd Cross Rd,972,BEML Layout 4th Stage ,Near Harsha Store ,560098
1176497570Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeSingasandraNO 57/5A,NAGAMUNESHWARA LAYOUT,BANGLOARE,4TH CROSS HOSA ROAD,NEAR TT GARAGE,560100
1272901321Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHSR Layout596,11th A Cross Road,596,29TH MAIN ,COFFEE DAY ,560102
1351070439Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeBagalagunteShidedhahalli (Bagalagunte), Bagalagunte, Bengaluru
1381655704Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeSarvagnanagar183,COX TOWN ,BANGALORE ,DODDIGUNTE,FARZER TOWN ,560005
1397653327Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHerohalliGidada Konenahalli, Herohalli, Bengaluru
1682229998Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeNeelasandraAMBEDKAR NAGAR SLUM, Neelasandra, Bengaluru
1736728778Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeDevasandraSITENO 4 55 AND 56/1,KATHA NO 63 Netravathi Layout Extension Aparupa Building,DEVASANDRA,KRISHNARAJAPURAM VILLAGE,MARKET
1738719488Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeMarappana PalyaNO 50,,BANGALORE,1ST CROSS,NEAR SRI VINAYAKA TEMPLE,560096
1888514255Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikePrakashnagar2nd Main Rd,Prakash Nagar,2nd Main Rd,8TH CROSS,GANESHA TEMPLE,560021
1992264472Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeJnanabharathi wardMutthuraya Nagar, Jnanabharathi ward, Bengaluru
2238872212Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHagadooruGandhipura, Hagadooru, Bengaluru
2243228488Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeYadiyuruNO.12,New Post Office Rd,A K COLONY 6 TH BLOCK JAYANAGARA,1 ST CROSS 2 ND MAIN 6 TH BLOCK JAYANAGARA,PROMUK APARTMENT BA
2299745799Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeBenniganahalliBenniganahalli, Bengaluru
2620492593Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeBenniganahalliNO 336,2nd D Main Rd CHIKKA BANASWADI OMBR LAYOUT BANGALORE,335,--Select--,NEAR VINCENT POLITIC CHURCH,560043
2671246812Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeSingasandra1100/3/3 1,,Bengaluru,Hosa road Singasandra ,Govt High School Back Side ,560068
3179169507Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeKengeriBunde mutt K.H.B Layout, Kengeri, Kengeri, Bengaluru
3626864926Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHemmigepuraNO 82,Bengaluru,HEMMIGEPURA,NO 82 HEMMIGEPURA B S JATTI ROAD KENGERI BANGALORE ,NEAR,560060
4092295022Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeDoddabidarakalluNo.15,Ammana Kanasu Nilaya,Bangalore,1st Cross Rd Gangondanahalli Main Road Indra Nagara Bangalore,Near Shamala Siddagan
4112914939Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHSR LayoutHSR layout Sector 6 (BDA), HSR Layout, Bengaluru
4153544933Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeBegurBegur, Begur, Bengaluru
4331412428Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHSR Layout277/277/173,Ibbaluru,173,IBBALORE ,NAER,560103
4652108257Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeRadhakrishna Temple WardM G E C H B S DEVSANDRA, Radhakrishna Temple Ward, BengaluruSite with Building
4746039348Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeSarakki12TH CROSS SARAKI VILLAGE, Sarakki, Bengaluru
4784704397Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHerohalliB E L 2nd Stage (Herohalli), Herohalli, Bengaluru
5002420779Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeMallasandra137,Siddeshwara Nilaya,2nd Cross Rd,2nd Cross Rd,3rd main,560015Site with Building
5224791495Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeUllalu415 1st block valagerahalli~
5429308538Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeMalleshwaramMalleshwaram, Bengaluru
5451418265Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeRadhakrishna Temple Ward15,,4th Main Rd,Rajamahal Vilas 2nd Stage,Survey No 71/4, 5, 6,560094Site with Building
5760107319Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHemmigepura4/A,1st Cross Road,Rajarajeshwarinagar,1st Cross Road,E Block,560098
5943369659Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeMarappana PalyaProperty No.942,vijayanandanagar Slum,vijayanandanagar Slum, BANGALORE,BBMP PID No.10/74/942,vijayanandanagar,560096
6145485439Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeRajarajeshwarinagar773,BEML Layout,BEML LAYOUT,NEAR UDAYA RAVI HOSPITAL,NEAR UDAYA RAVI HOSPITAL,560098
6308971096Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeSingasandraKoodlu Revenue layout, Singasandra, Bengaluru
6965619724Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeJakkurKattegena halli, Jakkur, Bengaluru
7564666314Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeJakkur40,,Bengaluru,MCHS Layout,KV JAIRAM ROAD,560064Site with Building
7566862950Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikePeenya Industrial AreaPeenya 2nd Stage (Herohalli/ Nelagadharanahalli), Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru
9302130195Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHemmigepuraRaghuvanahalli grama main road, Hemmigepura, Bengaluru
9501990140Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeHoramavuHormavu Agara, Horamavu, Bengaluru
9768133715Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara PalikeBagalagunteNo 295, Sriranganath swamy Nilaya,Bagalagunte,SENT JOHN SCHOOL,BHAIRAVESHWARA NAGARA 5th Cross,560073Site with Building
01-002-00341-000Chennai002155 , ELLAI AMMAN KOIL ST, ELLAI AMMAN KOIL ST, KATHIVAKKAM, CHENNAI - 600057
01-002-02553-000Chennai00237 , RAILWAY STATION II ST, RAILWAY STATION ROAD, KATHIVAKKAM, CHENNAI - 600057
01-010-00594-000Chennai010114A , KOMATHA NAGAR, KOMATHA NAGAR, TIRUVOTTRIYUR, CHENNAI - 600019
01-010-00598-000Chennai010135 , KOMATHA NAGAR, KOMATHA NAGAR, TIRUVOTTRIYUR, CHENNAI - 600019
092/002/900340ChidambaramWD-021,KARAIKKATTU STREET,Near Municipal School ,Gas Godown-608001.
4425188477Chikmagalur (Cmc)Ward No. - 29210,Block - 1,2nd Main Road,ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು-577101
9347934025Chikmagalur (Cmc)Ward No. - 1979A,Block - 3,3rd Cross Road,ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು-577101
162/038/904706CoimbatoreWARD-03898,I.O.B.COLONY,WARD-038,WEST ZONE-641046.
162/097/901993CoimbatoreWARD-09732 A[6],INDIRA NAGAR MADUKKARAI ROAD,WARD-097,SOUTH ZONE-641021.
162/097/907206CoimbatoreWARD-097190D,HOUSING UNIT PHASE-I,WARD-097,SOUTH ZONE-641021.
162/099/900246CoimbatoreWARD-09932 B,VINAYAKAR KOVIL ST,WARD-099,SOUTH ZONE-641023.
162/099/903731CoimbatoreWARD-09932B,ARULMURUGAN NAGAR, CHETTIPALAYAM ROAD,WARD-099,SOUTH ZONE-641023.
065/011/900077Coonoor MunicipalityWARD-11243,RAJAJI NAGAR,BAZAAR AREA,Coonoor-643102.
093/009/900797Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-0928,OM SAKTHI NAGAR,PUDU UPPALLAVADI,MANJAKKUPPAM-607001.
093/010/901124Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-108,MARUTHI NAGAR,MANJAKKUPPAM,MANJAKKUPPAM-607001.
093/010/901137Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-108,MARUTHI NAGAR,MANJAKKUPPAM,MANJAKKUPPAM-607001.
093/027/900480Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-2763,MARIAMMAN KOIL STREET,THIRUPATHIRIPULIYUR,THIRUPATHIRIPULIYUR-607002.
093/032/900029Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-3267 -,SOWDAMBIGAI NAGAR,THIRUPATHIRIPULIYUR,THIRUPATHIRIPULIYUR-607002.
093/035/900562Cuddalore City Municipal CorporationWARD-3521,RAJA CHAVADI,E.B. COLONY CHELLANKUPPAM,THIRUPATHIRIPULIYUR-607003.
154/019/901199DharapuramWARD 19TS.NO 1135/1,DEVENDRA STREET,DEVENDRA STREET, BAIRAVAN KOVIL STREET -638656.
154/019/901202DharapuramWARD 1993/112,DEVENDRA STREET,DEVENDRA STREET, BAIRAVAN KOVIL STREET -638656.
154/025/900752DharapuramWARD 2551/2,UDUMALAI ROAD CROSS STREET 4(CHENNIYAPPA NAGAR),NACHIMUTHUPUDUR, UDUMALAI ROAD -638656.
078/035/900603Dindigul City Municipal CorporationWARD-35.,KANNIMAR NAGAR,VEDAPATTI,NAGAL NAGAR-624003.
056/009/900838Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-09050A/1,S.S. P. NAGAR (WD-18),Periya Semur,Periya Semur-638107.
056/009/900883Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-09000,S.S. P. NAGAR (WD-18),Periya Semur,Periya Semur-638107.
056/022/900462Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-22025/11,KUMARAN STREET (WD-23),VeerappanChathiram,VeerappanChathiram-638004.
056/025/900714Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-25122/9,KAMALA NAGAR (WD-14),VeerappanChathiram,VeerappanChathiram-638003.
056/025/900715Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-25122/10,KAMALA NAGAR (WD-14),VeerappanChathiram,VeerappanChathiram-638003.
056/038/901008Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-38006,EAST CHINNAMARIYAMMAN KOIL STREET (WD-58),Erode,Erode-638003.
056/043/901572Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-4368/2C,ANNAMALAI STREET(MUTHUKUMARA SAMY LAYOUT) (WD-43),Erode,Erode-638001.
056/043/901578Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-43X,MOIDEEN STREET (WD-54),Erode,Erode-638001.
056/043/901582Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-4339A,MOIDEEN STREET (WD-54),Erode,Erode-638001.
056/043/901583Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-4339A/1,MOIDEEN STREET (WD-54),Erode,Erode-638001.
056/043/901584Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-4339A/2,MOIDEEN STREET (WD-54),Erode,Erode-638001.
056/046/900135Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-46068,KIRAMADAI - 4 (WD-41),Erode,Erode-638009.
056/055/902938Erode City Municipal CorporationWARD-55163A,SASTHRI NAGAR 3RD STREET (WD-48),Kasipalayam,Kasipalayam-638002.
057/030/900109GobichettipalayamWARD 3028,BAJANAI KOIL STREET, SECOND STREET,MODACHUR,GOBI SOUTH-638476.
057/030/900642GobichettipalayamWARD 3028/1,BAJANAI KOIL STREET, SECOND STREET,MODACHUR,GOBI SOUTH-638476.
1170706418Greater Hyderabad4-Moula Ali29-1442/41, SAI NAGAR, Moula Ali, Hyderabad
028/004/900190JolarpetWD-0429/1,M.M.M. REDDY STREET,Parsampet,Jolarpet-635851.
171/006/900010Kalakad MunicipalityWARD-067/1,Keelakaruvelankulam Rice mill Street,VADAMALAI SAMUDRAM,KALAKADU MUNICIPALITY-627501.
008/029/900717KancheepuramWARD 297,SOUTH MADA VEETHI,SREE VARADHARAJA PERUMAL KOIL ,LITTLE KANCHEEPURAM-631501.
158/001/900724KangeyamWARD 0156H,A.C NAGAR TIRUPPUR ROAD 1st STREET,A.C.NAGAR TIRUPPUR ROAD,A.C.NAGAR TIRUPPUR ROAD (WD-1)-638701.
137/012/900163KovilpattiWARD12163,NEW ROAD,New Road,Kovilpatti -628501.
152/001/900182Krishnagiri MunicipalityWARD 0119,HAKKIM SYEDSHA MOHIDIN STREET,KOTTAI,Krishnagiri-635001.
152/030/900572Krishnagiri MunicipalityWARD-30104,JYOTHI VINAYAGAR KOIL STREET,SALEM ROAD,Krishnagiri-635001.
019/003/900063Madhuranthagam MunicipalityWARD-0384,SELVAVINAYAGAR KOIL ST,Vanniyarpet,Madhuranthagam-603306.
019/005/900296Madhuranthagam MunicipalityWARD-052,MARIYAMMAN KOIL STREET,Sathanoor,Madhuranthagam-603306.
115/006/902462Madurai CorporationWD006R.S:74/1 Pt:6-West,SRIKRISHNA NAGAR,Iyer Bungalow(WD006),ZONE-1-625014.
115/006/902857Madurai CorporationWD006172D,SRIKRISHNA NAGAR,Iyer Bungalow(WD006),ZONE-1-625014.
115/020/902934Madurai CorporationWD020RSNO113/1B PNO34N,CHOKKANATHAPURAM 2ND STREET,Visalatchi Nagar(WD020),ZONE-2-625018.
115/020/903104Madurai CorporationWD0201/10,CHOKKANATHAPURAM 2ND STREET,Visalatchi Nagar(WD020),ZONE-2-625018.
115/033/903079Madurai CorporationWD033RS.NO14A,MANAGIRI MIDDLE STREET,K.K.Nagar(WD033),ZONE-2-625020.
115/035/902058Madurai CorporationWD035B73,ARINGAR ANNA NAGAR M I G COLONY,Saathamangalam(WD035),ZONE-2-625020.
115/035/902705Madurai CorporationWD035R.S.NO.7/2,A1,SIVAGANGAI MAIN ROAD,Saathamangalam(WD035),ZONE-2-625020.
115/040/903758Madurai CorporationWD040159 RA,JUBILEE TOWN(VANDIYUR),Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/040/904062Madurai CorporationWD040245SR,J J NAGAR,Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/040/906755Madurai CorporationWD040RSNO 7/2A1,J J NAGAR,Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/040/906797Madurai CorporationWD040RSNO 7/2A1,J J NAGAR,Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/040/907611Madurai CorporationWD040R.S.NO.193/1&45/2,P.NO.64,PKM NAGAR,Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/040/907796Madurai CorporationWD040R.S.NO.42/4,PL.NO.7A,EAST ANNA NAGAR,Masthanpatti(WD040),ZONE-1-625020.
115/041/907195Madurai CorporationWD0412/191,ASARI LANE,Iiravathanallur(WD041),ZONE-4-625009.
115/042/902614Madurai CorporationWD04216/2,PANKAJAM COLONY 3RD CROSS STREET,Pankajam Colony(WD042),ZONE-4-625001.
115/060/901971Madurai CorporationWD0600,ELLIS NAGAR BODI LINE HUT AREA,Ellis Nagar(WD060),ZONE-3-625016.
115/067/902994Madurai CorporationWD06713/13,IRULANDITHEVAR COLONY,Virattipathu(WD067),ZONE-3-625016.
115/068/900059Madurai CorporationWD068164/7,PONMENI MAIN ROAD,Ponmeni(WD068),ZONE-3-625016.
115/074/900302Madurai CorporationWD07414A,PAZHANGANATHAM AGRAHARAM STREET,Palanganatham(WD074),ZONE-5-625003.
115/074/902305Madurai CorporationWD074PLOT.2,MADAKKULAM MAIN ROAD - PALANGANTHAM,Palanganatham(WD074),ZONE-5-625003.
115/075/900575Madurai CorporationWD07513E,VASANTHA NAGAR 3RD STREET,Sundararajapuram(WD075),ZONE-3-625003.
115/075/900933Madurai CorporationWD07520A,THIRUPARANKUNDRAM ROAD VISALAM(WD75),Sundararajapuram(WD075),ZONE-3-625003.
115/087/900434Madurai CorporationWD087875,CHINNA ANUPPANADI MELA ANUPPANADI HOUSING BOARD CO,Chinna Anupanadi(WD087),ZONE-4-625009.
115/087/906839Madurai CorporationWD0872186,CHINNA ANUPPANADI MELA ANUPPANADI HOUSING BOARD CO,Chinna Anupanadi(WD087),ZONE-4-625009.
115/088/901811Madurai CorporationWD0881/1,ANUPPANADI ROAD,Anupanadi(WD088),ZONE-4-625009.
115/093/905701Madurai CorporationWD093RSNO23/11A23/24 PL28,MUTA COLONY,Pasumalai(WD093),ZONE-5-625005.
115/095/903822Madurai CorporationWD095RS.NO.424/7,LION CITY,SRV Nagar(WD095),ZONE-5-625005.
115/095/904189Madurai CorporationWD095RS.NO.424/7,LION CITY,SRV Nagar(WD095),ZONE-5-625005.
1012433862Mysoreward-375694,BLOCK 4,Yoga Narasimha Temple Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570017
1088696448Mysoreward-372990,BLOCK 4,Yoga Narasimha Temple Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570017
1355635689Mysoreward-45NO EWS 613,BLOCK 5,8th Main Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570015
1390170526Mysoreward-4990,BLOCK 1,8th Main Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570007
2749695403Mysoreward-21811 K-43,BLOCK 3,Ahammed Khan Mosqe Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570004
3587136051Mysoreward-18316,BLOCK 8,8th Cross Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570023
4674195747Mysoreward-375694,BLOCK 4,Yoga Narasimha Temple Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570017
5515159659Mysoreward-50NO 3544 L-5/A,BLOCK 3,5th Cross Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570001
6315298400Mysoreward-37581,BLOCK 2,15th Main Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570017
7857370649Mysoreward-253383/A M-39/A,BLOCK 1,557,ಮೈಸೂರು-570021
8288973072Mysoreward-25BLOCK 1,6th J Main Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570001
8363253563Mysoreward-5716/1,BLOCK 2,11th Cross Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570019
9998757605Mysoreward-45NO EWS 613,BLOCK 5,8th Main Road,ಮೈಸೂರು-570015
200078/5378PallikondaWard No 533, Sri Ramapuram, Ward No 5, Pallikonda Town Panchayat (Vellore), Vellore, Tamil NaduOwn Residence
2825054378Shimoga (Cmc)Sidheshwara nagaraChikal,17th C cross road,ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ-577201
7802615059Shimoga (Cmc)33 Hosmanehosamane-1,2nd cross road,ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ-577201
1011001599SrikalahastiRevenue Ward No 33-201, KONDAMITTA, Revenue Ward No 3, Zone2residential
200083/2812ThiruvalamWard No 085/2, Vanigar Street, Ward No 08, Thiruvalam Town Panchayat (Vellore), Vellore, Tamil NaduOwn Residence
200083/2813ThiruvalamWard No 085/3, Vanigar Street, Ward No 08, Thiruvalam Town Panchayat (Vellore), Vellore, Tamil NaduOwn Residence

Questions

Which plots are recorded under the name RAVI S?

No plots and 151 city properties on the register list this name in public government records. Different people can share a name.

Is this proof that a person owns these properties?

No. Revenue and municipal records show who holds or pays for a property; they are not proof of title, and one name can belong to many people.

Names as public records publish them. Ask for a correction or masking.